1.+Poetry+Notes

Traditional: § Follows fixed rules (specified number of lines) § Has a regular pattern of rhythm and rhyme § Includes the following forms: sonnet, ode, haiku, limerick, ballad, epic Organic: · Does not have a regular pattern of rhythm and may not rhyme · May use unconventional spelling, punctuation, and grammar · Includes the following forms: free verse, concrete poetry Types of Poetry: **//Narrative poetry://** is a story told in verse. Narrative poems often have all the elements of short stories, including characters, conflict, and plot. **//Lyric poetry://** highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker. It creates a single, unified impression. **//Haiku://** a three-line Japanese verse. The first and third lines of a haiku each have five syllables. The second line has seven syllables. A writer of Haiku uses images to create a single, vivid picture, generally a scene from nature. **//Concrete poetry://** is one with a shape that suggests its subject. The poet arranges the letters, punctuation, and the lines to create an image, or picture, on the page. **//Limerick//****//://** a humorous, rhyming, five-line poem with a specific meter and rhyme scheme. Most limericks have three strong stresses in lines 1,2, and 5 and two strong stresses in lines 3 and 4. most follow the rhyme scheme //aabba.// Poetry Terms: **//Imagery://** words or phrases that appeal to one to more of the five senses. Writer’s use images to describe how their subjects look, sound, feel, taste, and smell. Poets often paint images, or word pictures, that appeal to your senses. These pictures help you experience the poem fully. **//Irony://** is a situation, [|literary technique], or [|rhetorical device], in which there is an incongruity, discordance, or unintended connection with truth, that goes strikingly beyond the most simple and evident meaning of words or actions. Verbal and situational irony is often intentionally used as emphasis in an assertion of a truth. **//Metaphor://** is a figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something else. A metaphor, like simile, works by pointing out a similarity between two unlike things. **//Simile://** is a figure of speech that uses //like// or //as// to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas. **//Oxymoron://** is a [|figure of speech] that combines normally [|contradictory] terms **//Personification://** is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics. **//Prose://** is the ordinary form of written language. Most writing that is not poetry, drama, or song is considered prose. **//Pun://** is a form of [|word play] that deliberately exploits [|ambiguity] between similar-sounding [|words] for [|humorous] or [|rhetorical] effect. **//Repetition://** is the use, more than once, of any element of language – a sound, word, phrase, clause, or sentence. Repetition is used in both prose and poetry. **//Rhyme://** is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words. Poets use rhyme to lend a songlike quality to their verses and to emphasize certain words and ideas. Many traditional poems contain //end rhymes//, or rhyming words at the ends of lines. Another common device is the use of //internal rhymes//, or rhyming words within lines. Internal rhyme also emphasizes the flowing nature of a poem. **//Hyperbole://** is a [|rhetorical device] in which statements are exaggerated. **//Stanza://** is a formal division of lines in a poem and is considered as a unit. Many poems are divided into stanzas that are separated by spaces. Stanzas often function just as paragraphs do in prose. Each stanza states and developes a single main idea. Stanzas are commonly named according to the number of lines found in them, as follows: Couplet: two-line stanza Tercet: three-line stanza Quatrain: four-line stanza Cinquain: five-line stanza Seste: six-line stanza Heptastich: seven-line stanza Octave: eight-line stanza **//Rhyme Scheme://** is a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. To indicate the rhyme scheme of a poem, one uses lowercase letters. Each rhyme is assigned a different letter, as follows in the first stanza of “Dust of Snow,” by Robert Frost: The way a crow a Shook down on me b  The dust of snow a  From a hemlock tree b  Thus, the stanza has a rhyme scheme //abab//
 * //Form://** the distinctive way the words are arranged on the page. Refers to the length and placement of lines and the way they are grouped.